Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine 2018-04-18 London ,UK

Long-ping Wen has graduated from Xiamen University in 1982 (BS) and obtained his PhD from University of California, Los Angeles, USA in 1988. He has over 30 years of experience in Biomedical Research at various Academic Institutions in the USA, Singapore and China. He is currently a Full Professor at South China University of Technology, with a research interest focusing on Nanobiology and Nanomedicine. He has published over 100 papers, including 51 corresponding author papers during the past 10 years, in the various Sci journals such as Nature Biotechnology and Nature Materials

Autophagy, a key cellular degradation process, is a common response of cells upon exposure to nanomaterials. A variety of nanomaterials, including carbon, metal, and rare earth oxide nanoparticles, have been demonstrated to induce elevated level of autophagy in different cell types. Autophagy induced by nanomaterials may be either pro-survival or pro-death, and the different fate on the affected cell can be differentially exploited to enhance cancer therapy. In this talk, I will focus on the pro-survival aspect of the autophagy induced by namomaterials and how it may be exploited for cancer therapy. First, I will summarize our published work on silver nanoparticle-induced autophagy, its pro-survival nature and the enhanced therapeutic efficacy upon its inhibition. Then I will present our recent unpublished work on cancer photothermal therapy (PTT) facilitated by a type of CuPd tetrapod nanoparticles (CuPd TNPs-1). These unique nanoparticles exhibited superior NIR-assisted photothermal conversion efficiency and induced pro-survival autophagy in a shape- and composition-dependent manner. Inhibition of autophagy with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyl adenine (3-MA) had a remarkable synergistic effect on the anti-cancer efficacy of CuPd TNPs-1-mediated PTT both in triple-negative (4T1) and drug-resistant (MCF7/MDR) breast cancer models, as it helped to achieve a level of efficacy unattainable with CuPd TNPs-2, the similarly shaped alloy nanoparticle that had a higher photothermal conversion efficiency but no autophagy-inducing activity. This work provided a proof-ofconcept for a novel chemo-PTT strategy, in which traditional chemotherapeutic agents are replaced by autophagy inhibitors. This strategy is applicable to any PTT-ready nanomaterial with the capability of inducing pro-survival autophagy and should be particularly useful for eradicating drug-resistant cancer.

Daniel Chojnowski is an Intellectual Property Attorney who concentrates his practice in the chemical and material science arts. His practice includes global patent procurement and opinion preparation. He also counsels clients on clearance/freedom-to-practice issues, as well as on strategies for management of their global intellectual property portfolios. Prior to becoming an attorney, he was employed as an RD&I Chemist

Companies are often forced to internally debate whether to apply for a patent or keep the invention “secret.” This question is particularly ripe in the field of nanotechnology, where methods of producing nano particles/structures are difficult to reservably engineer. Thus, the consequences of the public disclosure mandated during the patenting process can be especially harsh if an attempt to obtain a patent is ultimately unsuccessful. This presentation will explore the essential factors that should be balanced when debating whether to apply for a patent or maintain a trade secret. This presentation will also discuss relatively new procedures at the United States Patent and Trademark Office that, if leveraged correctly, will allow an applicant to have its cake and eat it too.

Shuhua Bai has obtained his PhD from the School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center. He is an Associate Professor in the School of Pharmacy, Husson University. He has had more than 16-years of research experience on the Nanoparticle-based drug delivery and development. He has published more than 30 research papers in reputed journals. He recently received the 2017 Pharmaceutical Research Meritorious Manuscript Award, presented by the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are naturally occurring membrane particles that mediate intercellular communication by delivering molecular information between cells. In this study, we propose to package therapeutics agents in endogenous nanovesicles, known as exosomes, derived from cancer cells. It is expected that autologous cancer cell-derived exosomes can be taken by cancer cells themselves via homing selectivity and bring the entire payload to the autologous tumor cells. Exosomes were isolated from human adenocarcinoma A549 and brain endothelial bEND.3 cell cultures using centrifugation. They presented nanosized vesicles measured by a nanosizing system. Fluorescent rhodamine 123 and anticancer drugs including paclitaxel and doxorubicin were incorporated into exosome nanoparticles by diffusion. Designed siRNA to inhibit Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was loaded into exosome with the assistance of transfection reagent. Fluorescence intensity in the cells treated with autologous cell-derived exosome delivered markers was significantly increased. Exosome-delivered anticancer drugs significantly decreased cell viability in autologous cells compared to other exosomes. Exosome-delivered siRNAs significantly enhanced the knockdown efficacy compared to siRNA alone, dependent on exosome original sources and loading methods. ICAM-1 siRNA formulated in autologous lung cell-derived exosomes with the assistance of transfection agent showed the best inhibitory effect on the ICAM-1 expression compared to other treatments. Cancer cell-derived exosomes could be used as effective carriers, bringing therapeutic agents into the cells and increasing efficacy to their parental cells. The use of cancer cell-derived exosomes will be further investigated for individualized and targeted lung cancer therapy

Amparo Verdu Solis holds a University Degree in Industrial Chemistry by the Polytechnic University of Valencia and Master’s in Plastics and Rubber Materials. For 10 years, she developed her career as Researcher in AIMPLAS, Plastics Technology Centre. Currently, she is the R&D Project Manager of Bioinicia, SL, experts

in Nanotechnology and Electro-Hydro Dynamic Processing. She has collaborated as an Expert Member in the European Committee for Standardization CEN/TC 249/WG 7/TG one Biodegradable mulch films. Now, she is involved in SBIOC Spanish BioCluster as President of the Cluster.

Nanocomposites have special physical and chemical properties and an array of potential applications, in particular they can be used to adapt surface properties and introduce additional functionalities. Performance of nanocomposites depends on a number of parameters, but nanoparticles dispersion and distribution state remain the key challenge in order to obtain the full nanocomposites’ potential. Optinanopro project has worked to demonstrate the benefits of the introduction of nanotechnology into packaging, automotive and photovoltaic materials production lines. Special mention to the development

and industrial integration of electrospray nano-deposition, online dispersion and monitoring system to ensure a constant quality of produced nanocomposites. Nano-enhanced coating has been applied by electrospinning, a phenomenon that occurs

when an appropriate electric field is applied to a conductive solution. Electrospinning technology has been used to obtain both self-cleaning OPVs and product repellent surfaces (with tailored repellence to selected liquids) for easy emptying packaging. Bioinicia has achieved materials with tailored polarity including super hydrophobic properties but also amphiphobic ones, a quite peculiar behavior that is much less reported in the literature. In the case of OPV surfaces, hydrophobicity will allow the panels to self-clean from dirty rain, whereas the same effect will allow facilitating the emptying and therefore reduce leftover at end of life in case of polar liquids/pastes being packaged (e.g. oil in water emulsions for cosmetics). The process required a novel multistep approach that has been patented by Bioinicia on how to use electro-hydrodynamic processes for obtaining stable layers with target characteristics.

Sallahuddin Panhwar is a PhD Student of US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Water (USPCAS-W) at Mehran Univeristy of Enineering & Technology Jamshoro, Pakistan. Currently he is exchnage visiting scholar at the Univerosty of Utah, U.S.A. He has published more than 8 research papers in reputed journals and attended national and international conferences.

The aim of this study was to develop a simple electrochemical sensor for detection of (E.coli 25922) from water using gold nanoparticles. The water security and microbiological defense applications are globally concerns because of accuracy in the results and time saving technology. The traditional detection method of bacteria is requiring more time for the results. The biosensor reduce the detection time from 2 to 3 days to less than one hour with a simple identification method. The detection of pathogenic bacteria (E.coli 25922) is pivotal to public health for the water and food security. The electrochemical detection is applied for the detection of E. coli. However, in resulting the lowest bacterial concentration was weekly at 1 x 101 CFU/ml and the strongly on 1 x 106 CFU/ml. The electrochemical signal was increased with the increasing concentration of E. Cali. These results confirmed that the AuNPs-GCE is an effective approach to highly sensitive detection for the E.coli.

Nicky Thomas is an NHMRC Research Fellow at the School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia and is working in the Professor Clive Prestige’s group. He is a trained Pharmacist with several years of experience in both hospital and community pharmacies. In 2012, he has been awarded his PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences from the University of Otago, New Zealand. His PhD research was concerned with the development and in vitro and in vivo characterization of nano emulsions for drug delivery. He has joined UniSA in 2012 to work on novel treatments against bacterial biofilms. Building on his expertise in nanomedicine-based drug delivery systems he has been awarded an NHMRC Early Career Researcher Fellowship in 2014 for the investigation on the interaction of antimicrobial therapies with bacterial biofilms. In 2017, he established the Adelaide Biofilm Test Facility at UniSA’s Sansom Institute for Health Research, SA’s first facility dedicated to test antimicrobials and pharmaceutical products in a range of in vitro and in vivo biofilm models. His main area of research is anti-infective treatment options against biofilms; oral drug delivery and lipid-based drug delivery

Background: Glycoside hydrolases have emerged as potent, novel therapeutics that can disrupt biofilms, thereby increasing the susceptibility of the residing bacteria to co-administered antibiotics. The broader clinical use of glycoside hydrolases such as alginate lyase (AL) is limited due to challenges in maintaining enzyme stability, adequate delivery and release of the enzyme at the site of infection. Herein, we present a Trojan horse carrier for AL using environment-sensing lyotropic liquid crystalline gels (LLC).

 

Aim: The aim of this study was to design a LLC-gel carrier based on the lipid glycerol monooleate to protect, deliver and release

AL in combination with the antibiotic gentamicin (GENT) as a novel anti-biofilm strategy.

 

Methods: The effect of Pseudomonas lipase on the release of AL/GENT from LLC-gels was evaluated and the efficacy of the gel was determined over 1 week in vitro against biofilms formed by alginate producing P. aeruginosa (clinical isolate) and compared to an unformulated simple drug solution. Finally, the stability of AL after fabrication of the LLC gel was assessed.

 

Results: GENT and AL were released at different rates and extent from the LLC-gels (10% AL over nine days; 60% GENT over two days, respectively). Addition of Pseudomonas lipase increased AL release >2-fold (20-30% within two days). The LLCgel demonstrated similar anti-biofilm activity (2.5 log reduction in CFU) compared to unformulated solution, confirming preservation of AL activity in the LLC-gels. Interestingly the antimicrobial effect could not be sustained over extended period (>2 days) which was attributed to a gradual loss of AL activity from prolonged exposure to 37oC during the assay, rather than short exposure to higher temperatures (60oC) during LLC-gel fabrication

Muhammad Yasir Ali has done masters in Pharmaceutics from The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan and was working in GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan in Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Currently, he is doing his PhD at the Philipps University Marburg, Germany

Targeting ErbB receptors has become a popular tool for drug delivery to overcome the downstream cytoplasmic signaling mechanisms. The cascade of these reactions, RAS-MAPK and PI3K-Akt are responsible for cell proliferation and antiapoptotic ways of cell growth and resistance to already approved antibody and drug therapies against these receptors. Among other approaches of cell targeting, use of aptamers has become one of the major choices because of their selective targeting and low immunogenicity. Aptamer can easily be synthesized chemically. The current project involved the use of Sorafenib loaded biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles prepared by solvent evaporation method. The surface of these particles was coupled with aptamer (aH3) against ErbB3 using EDC/NHS. For physico-chemical characterization, particls size, zeta potential and shape was determined before and after the surface modification. Antiproliferation assay was conducted using ErbB3 positive MDAMB- 231 and ErbB3 negative SKOV-3 cell lines. Cell migration and displacement was checked by scratch test and agarose gel method, using EGFR and NRG1 as positive control. Cellular uptake studies were evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A decrease in cell viability was observed after incubation with aptamer modified nanoparticles in case of MDA-MB-231 cells. The opposite was observed in SK-OV-3 cells due to he absence of ErbB3 receptors. Scratch tests performed with modified nanopartciles revealed a change in the migration pattern of the cells depending upon the presence of absence of the ErbB3 receptors. CLSM results showed the receptor mediated intracellular uptake of nanoparticles. It was thus obvious from the results that the specificity of aptamer can be used for targeted drug delivery.

Arend L Mapanawang has completed his PhD from Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Yayasan Medika Mandiri Foundation, Halmahera, Indonesia. He is the Director of College of Health Sciences (STIKES Halmahera), Medika Mandiri Foundation, Halmahera, Indonesia. He is the Head of Internal Medicine Departement of Bethesda Hospital in Tobelo North Halmahera, North Moluccas.

Anti-oxidant with a very high concentration of IC50=6.54ng/ml extracted from Golobe halmahera (Zingiberaceae) fruit had made this local fruit a very good candidate for improving human health. Based on this finding, a medicine named as love herbal had been fabricated with a multitasking healing in human body problems. In order to analyze the physical working system of this medicine, one investigated the optical properties of it by using chemical bonding spectroscopy method. We obtain that such medicine has optical uniqueness behaviors which might be closely associated with multitasking healing of human body problems, for example in improving antibody protection of human body from cancer diseases as well as the health of heart and liver. The main indicator associated with that was from a small C-F bonding peak at 1360cm-1 contributed by love herbal related to the C-H bonding. Moreover, the presence of love herbal in tap water mixed with betadine created a higher peak of C C as well as the shift of C-H bonding from 2949cm-1 to be 3013cm-1. While love herbal interactions with betadine in tap water made a little decrease of C=C bonding at 1697cm-1. We suggest that this interesting love herbal may be one of the best multitasking healing medicine.

Imran Tariq is working as an Assistant Professor at University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. He has completed his Master’s in Pharmaceutics from University of the Punjab. Currently, he is pursuing his PhD at the Philipps University of Marburg, Germany. He has published more than 25 research papers in well reputed journals and has served as a Member in Scientific Editorial Board of reputable journals

Non-viral vectors system is the prerequisite for the efficient gene delivery with minimal toxicity, against many incurable diseases. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers with a positive charge has a great tendency to complex nucleic acid (dendriplexes) like plasmid DNA (pDNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA). They shield them from enzymatic degradation, thus facilitate endocytosis and endosomal release. The current study was aimed to develop a delivery system by using lipid modified nanocarrier to enhance gene delivery and knock downing of targeted gene. These liposomal encapsulated dendriplex system can further reduce the unwanted cytotoxicity of this cationic system, which enhance cellular uptake of nucleic acid. Broad range of lipid combination were used to optimize the lipodendriplexes and tested for their physicochemical characterization including size, shape and zeta potential. The optimized lipodendriplexes were tested for anti-proliferation, pDNA transfection, cellular uptake, siRNA knock downing and heparin stability. The optimized system has shown significant improvement in cytotoxicity (p<0.05), pDNA transfection (p<0.01), with higher cellular uptake and gene knockdown efficiency, as compared to parent dendriplex system. The hemocompatibility intergrity in the presence of natural polyanion support the behavior of optimized lipodendriplexes system in biological environment. Therefore, further in vivo studies can be a done to explore the full potential of this platform, using ligand specific targeted system, against different cancer and genetic disorders.

Hendry Izaac Elim, PhD, is a young Scientist of Pattimura University. Currently, he is an experienced Indonesian Scientist of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and also Head of the Nanotechnology Research Center and Innovative Creation. He is the Chairman for Nanomaterials for Photonics Nanotechnology Laboratory (N4PN Lab), Physics Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA UNPATTI), Ambon, Indonesia, and regular Member of the Indonesia Theoretical Physicist. After his PhD at NUS, he worked as a Post-doctoral fellow in Physics Department of NUS. He published over 41 papers with h-index of 23, and citation more than 2000 which made him elected as one of Pattimura University Young Scientists in 2017 awarded for the first time since 1963 by Prof. M.J. Saptenno.

In this present study, we introduce an electronic physical system of a large antioxidant chemical structure based on herbal medicine fabricated using Zingiberaceae fruit (Maluku Golobe) consisted of many different varieties mainly such as Halmahera rambutan Golobe, Halmahera original Golobe, and Ambon durian Golobe. A simple electronics circuit model as a prototype of nanoscale antioxidant structure with the size of 15 carbon atoms plus 2 oxygen atoms was employed to understand the highest antioxidant herbal fruit associated with highly carbon-carbon bonding and carbon-oxygen bonding as well as its interaction with water, the remarkable substance in human body of the immune system. Such electronic physical system in herbal medicine is discussed with their prominent applications particularly as HIV herbal medicine. A brief discussion on how the large antioxidant system can handle HIV virus hiding inside the CD4 T cell of lymphocyte.

Fatemeh Mir Najafi Zadeh has completed her PhD in 2015 from University of New South Wales, Australia. She is currently a Research Assistant in her previous research group in the Department of Chemistry at University of New South Wales. She has published several papers in peer-reviewed journals and has attended more than 14 international conferences as speaker or poster presenter.

The application of semiconductor nanoparticles, or quantum dots (QDs), in the biological context has received a great deal of attention over the last decade due to their unique optical properties, including narrow emission peaks which are tunable through the visible and near-infrared wavelengths, wide absorption bands, large molar extinction coefficients and high photo stabilities. However, there are some serious restrictions to bio applications of QDs such as toxicity, water solubility, biodegradation and photostability of the QDs in biological environments. This work reports cytotoxicity studies of CdSe(S), ZnSe(S) and CdSe(S)/ZnO QDs in the presence of two cell lines: human carcinoma cells (HCT-116) and human skin fibroblast cell line (WS1). The XRD results indicated that cubic phase nanocrystals were obtained in all synthesizes images revealed that all QDs were spherical nanoparticles and optical spectroscopy showed that they had narrow emission and wide absorption bands. The cytotoxicity data showed that cytotoxicity of QDs is dose-dependent and aqueous-synthesized QDs exhibit lower toxicity than organic-synthesized QDs. The results of cytotoxicity assays showed that the cells had 100% proliferation after 72h incubation with ZnSe(S) QDs, at all concentrations used in this study, whilst CdSe(S) QDs exhibit low toxicity at concentrations up to 105μg/ml. This indicates that cadmium is source of toxicity due to production of free radicals. Confocal microscopy showed that all cells nuclei were stable after incubation with QDs and there was no shift or change in emission wavelength of the obtained QDs in cell media, indicating that the obtained QDs are stable in biological environment.