Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine

Toxicology of Nanoparticles

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Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field having potential applications in many areas. Nanoparticles have been studied for cell toxicity, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity. Tetrazolium-based assays such as MTT, MTS, and WST-1 are used to determine cell viability. Different types of cell cultures, including cancer cell lines have been employed as in vitro toxicity models. Considering the potential applications of NPs in many fields and the growing apprehensions of FDA about the toxic potential of nanoproducts, it is the need of the hour to look for new internationally agreed free of bias toxicological models by focusing more on in vivo studies. The rapid expansion of nanotechnology promises to have great benefits for society, yet there is increasing concern that human and environmental exposure to engineered nanomaterials may result in significant adverse effects. The system was developed for nanotoxicity assessment at single and multiple cell levels which can measure and compare the microscopic and macroscopic effects of nanoparticles interaction with cells, without interference from neighbouring cells' cues and also overall integrative effects produced by nanoparticles and cell–cell communication.